Geomechanics for Reservoir Management (GRM) Syllabus

Each module can be taken separately or combined together to suit your requirements.
Combine all three modules together in the GRM Syllabus and the training time reduces to 5 days, saving you time and money.

Sand Production
GRM1 (2 days)

Risks and impact of sand production

• Sand production in producers
• Sand production in injectors
• Sand Control versus Sand Management
• Why sand production prediction is useful
• Process of sand failure and sand production

Overview of sand failure and production mechanisms

• Initial/transient sand failure

• Hollow Cylinder test

• Size effect of Hollow Cylinder strength

• Different modes of sand failure

• Post failure stabilisation

• Effect of in-situ stress and depletion

• Effect of drawdown

• Sand stability diagram

• "Catastrophic" failure

• Effect of watercut

Quantification of sand production

• Approach
• Model calibration
• Field validations
• Risk of well sand-up
• Practical use in the field
• Effect of watercut

Sand production in injectors

• Mechanisms
• Issues

Pressure Transient Analysis
GRM2 (2 days)

Why do Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA)?

• PTA in producers
• PTA in injectors
• Injectors: The role of geomechanics

PTA type curves

• Post shut-in flow regimes & corresponding type curves
• Some special situations: radial composite, reservoir boundaries, partial penetration, horizontal well, fracture

Injection Fall-Off (IFO) model

• Injectors: Impact of closing fracture upon type curve characteristics
• Characteristics of IFO model
• Field applications
• "Pattern recognition" in the presence of closing fracture

Some practical IFO issues
Water hammer

• Falling liquid level

• Superposition time

• Non-abrupt shut-in

Recent developments

• Extension of IFO method for analysing minifracs
• Extension of IFO method for polymer floods (non- Newtonian injection fluids)

Fractures in Waterflood/EOR
GRM3 (2 days)

Field observations of induced fracturing in IOR and EOR

• Field observations of matrix injection
• Field observations of fractured injection

• Injection water quality

• Pros and cons of matrix and fractured injection

• Field data indicators of fractured injection

• What parameters have an impact on the size of induced fractures

• What parameters have an impact on injectivity

Induced fracturing in waterfloods

• Fracture initiation
• Fracture propagation
• Coupling of geomechanics to reservoir processes
• Learning example: Impact of fracturing in five-spot pattern flood
• Recent field examples

Surveillance / monitoring of fractured water injection

• Assessment of Top Seal Integrity

Training requirements
A personal computer running Windows 7 is required to complete the training exercises.